![]() The numbers on the sides of the graph represent the angle (0-180 degrees) and wavelength (from zero to half wavelength) of the reflectance. The edge of the graph represents the length of the reflection coefficient of which is 1, which is 100% reflection. The middle point of the graph (1+j0) represents a matched resistor value (ZL), and its reflection coefficient value will be zero. Resistance, where upwards are positive numbers and downwards are negative numbers. The circular line in the chart represents the real value of the electrical impedance, that is, the resistance value, and the horizontal line in the middle and the lines radiating upward and downward represent the imaginary value of the electrical impedance, which is generated by the capacitance or inductance at high frequencies. Among them, ZL is the load value of the line itself, and Z0 is the characteristic impedance (intrinsic impedance) value of the transmission line, usually 50Ω is used. ![]() That is, S11 and ZL in the S-parameter are the normalized load value ZL / Z0. Where Γ represents the reflection coefficient of its line The basics of the Smith chart lie in the following formula. Smith once said, “When I can use a slide rule, I’m interested in graphically representing mathematical relationships.” ![]() The chart was invented by Phillip Smith in 1939 while working at RCA in the United States.
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